Word: manchu
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...Spaniards arrived in Formosa in the 1620s. They fought the head-hunting Formosan aborigines and each other. In 1644 the Dutch captured the Spanish stronghold of La Santissima Trinidad at Keelung, but their victory was short-lived. Formosa was being inundated with South Chinese fleeing before the Manchu invaders of China. In 1661 one refugee, the pirate Koxinga, turned up at Formosa with a fleet and an army of 25,000 men, overwhelmed Formosa's small Dutch garrison and proclaimed himself king of the island. Though he ruled for only a year before his death, Koxinga is still Formosans...
Died. W. W. Yen (Yen Hunching), 73, Chinese elder statesman and onetime Prime Minister (1924-26) of the Republic of China; in Shanghai. After the overthrow of the Manchu dynasty by Sun Yat-sen in 1911, frail, U.S.-educated Dr. Yen served as a diplomat to Germany, Sweden, Denmark, the U.S., the U.S.S.R. He came out of retirement last year to head an unofficial four-man mission to Peking which tried unsuccessfully to make peace with the Communists...
Degrading. Amherst knew about the kowtow-it consisted of kneeling and knocking one's head nine times on the ground before the Manchu Emperor. Thus the envoys of all the world acknowledged the supremacy of the Chinese sovereign. "Repugnant . . . degrading . . . inexpedient," the Britons had decided, "required for the obvious purpose of reducing us to a level with missions from Corea and the Lew-chew islands [i.e., Korea and the Ryukyus, including Okinawa] . . . should be refused...
...that time (1910), China's revolution against the tottering Manchu dynasty was in progress. Swept along by the torrent, Mao clipped off his queue as an antimonarchist demonstration. Other students promised to follow his example, but later reneged. This prepared Mao for party discipline-or what Lenin called "democratic centralism." Recalls Mao: "A friend of mine and I therefore assaulted them in secret and forcibly removed their queues, a total of more than ten falling victim to our shears...
...queue; in those days queuelessness was a sign of dangerous, republican thoughts. The high marks got him a chance to study at a military school in Tokyo. And here, with other young Chinese, he met Sun Yat-sen on the eve of the October 1911 revolt against the Manchu dynasty. Once the revolution began, Chiang hurried back to China, joined Sun's new Kuomintang (National People's Party). There was plenty of soldiering to be done. Chiang became Sun's trusted lieutenant. He also found time to marry the girl his mother had picked...