Word: manchu
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...forming a background for the study of the "unchanging East", Bishop Roots gave a brief resume of the enormous size, the vast population, and the stable political history of China. He told of the invasion of the Manchus in the 17th century, and the establishment of the Manchu dynasty and hereditary class which have just been overthrown after 300 years of power...
...East and West came into clash, the open-door policy was forced upon China. She suffered humiliations and defeats at the hands of the western invaders, and finally realized that she must strive to adapt herself to new conditions. A series of reforms were already in effect before the Manchu dynasty was overthrown. Of these, the educational policy underwent the most radical change. Western scientific courses were introduced, and the examinations on old classics were abolished. Today schools for new learning stand on the ground of the spacious examination halls...
...Eliot speaking before the Seminary of Economics on "The Chinese Clerk, Salesman, Mechanic and Coolie" yesterday afternoon, described the character and present economic status of the masses of the Chinese race. As a result of the insecurity of property due to the extortion hitherto practiced on the rich by Manchu officials, a professional or upper class does not today exist in China. The classification of clerks, salesman, mechanic and coolie therefore includes practically the whole of the Chinese race...
...conquered by the Tartars, yet its civilization survived, so that within a few hundred years little trace of the Tartar Dy- nasty remained. This mixture of races is largely responsible for the present rebellion, as many of the people are not in sympathy with the Emperor, who is a Manchu Tartar...