Word: manchukuo
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Spain, Czechoslovakia, Sweden and the Irish Free State promptly led an effort to arouse the conscience of the Great Powers. Each of the "Little Four" rejected Japan's excuse that she seized Manchuria in "self defense"; all scored Japan for setting up in Manchuria the puppet state of "Manchukuo"; all pledged their Governments never to recognize Manchukuo and all accused Japan of violating both the Nine-Power Treaty and the Covenant of the League...
...highest priced lawyers, Maitre Joseph Paul-Boncour, the sonorous, theatrical War Minister of France and Sir John Simon, icy, meticulous British Foreign Secretary. Neither of these special pleaders so much as mentioned the issues-whether Japan acted in self defense ; whether she broke treaties; whether League states should recognize Manchukuo. Instead both pressed for delay and Sir John Simon devoted most of his speech to stressing "the need of being practical" and rebuking the Chinese Government for not having suppressed Communism in its central provinces-1,000 mi. from Manchukuo, the land under discussion...
...several odd jobs to do on the way. Followed by a comet's tail of attaches and Japanese reporters, he went from Tokyo first to Mostow, where he attempted, to arrange for Russian recognition of Manchukuo. Soviet officials remained coy but indefinite. Russia is genuinely anxious to sign treaties of non-aggression with her neighbors, but she can see no advantage in recognizing Manchukuo without first receiving such a treaty from Japan...
These preliminaries over last week. Delegate Matsuoka hurried on to Geneva and presented to the League a 40,000-word rebuttal to the Lytton report on Manchuria which she had made Manchukuo. It was simple and blunt. Japan denies that in invading Manchuria she violated either the League Covenant, the Kellogg Pact, or the Nine Power Treaty guaranteeing Chinese sovereignty. Japan denies that Manchuria is an integral part of China. Japan denies that her army acted except in self defense. Once again Japan makes the excuse that she merely protected a revolt-started by Manchurian nationalists. Japan will neither accept...
...advance summary of Japan's rebuttal appeared the day before in the Tokyo Press. This summary recalled an embarrassing precedent: in setting up Manchukuo she did no more than Theodore Roosevelt did in sending Marines to help Panama's revolution against Colombia. Well circulated in the world Press, the Panama parallel was tactfully removed from the official text...