Word: manchuria
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Communist Goal. One day claims were put forth that the Communists spoke for 100,000,000 Chinese; next day the figure soared to 260,000,000 (a year ago it was 80,000,000). Communist troops pushed into Inner Mongolia and Manchuria, neared Peiping and Tientsin. It looked as if control of all China north of the Yellow River was the Communist goal...
...trained Chinese armies were readied to reoccupy key cities as soon as the Japanese gave up. U.S. air forces stood by to transport them. The Central Government appointed mayors for Canton, Shanghai, Nanking, Hankow, Peiping, Tientsin and a governor (General Hsiung Shi-hui) for Manchuria's strategic Kwantung Peninsula...
Stalin and Molotov had first demanded that China recognize the "independence" of Russian-dominated Outer Mongolia, which China claims. China must also allow certain provinces of Inner Mongolia to unite with Outer Mongolia. (On this point Stalin was adamant.) Manchuria must have a "very liberal autonomy"; China must acknowledge Russian interests in the province and settle Russian claims to the strategic Chinese Eastern and South Manchurian railways. The Russians suggested "considerable autonomy" for Sinkiang, with "rectification" of its frontiers in favor of neighboring Soviet Asia...
...Price for a Chance. If this report was true, Russia had in effect advanced her frontier to the Great Wall. The Chinese Communists were free to take any action they chose. But the Manchuria settlement was a gain for China...
...this, Washington reports credited the U.S. When news of the Russian terms to China reached the U.S. delegation at Potsdam, they insisted that the Chinese Eastern and the South Manchuria railroads become common carriers, free for all nations to use. The U.S. also insisted that the Open Door policy apply to Port Arthur and Dairen. Russia agreed...