Word: manchuria
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...campaign through Korea's bitter winter. If the Chinese sent more reinforcements piecemeal into North Korea, the campaign would be even longer. If they sent large forces, a full-scale war between China and the U.N. army might result. If the estimated 300,000 Chinese troops now in Manchuria crossed the Yalu into Korea, outnumbered U.N. forces might well be driven back below the 38th parallel...
R.O.K. commanders in the northwest claimed that the enemy punch had been delivered by Chinese Communist troops brought down from Manchuria. But with or without Chinese aid, the North Koreans were still capable of making trouble. The R.O.K. Capitol Division, moving up Korea's northeast coast, ran into aggressive enemy resistance backed by artillery. The R.O.K. 3rd Division, driving in from the coast toward the Pujon and Changjin Reservoirs, two major sources of North Korea's hydroelectric power, reported that a strong Red Force was assembling near Changjin, 40 miles south of the Manchurian border...
...Hung, commander of the R.O.K. II Corps, became convinced that Communist counterattacks which had chopped up his overextended divisions had been delivered by Chinese troops. From interrogation of a handful of Chinese prisoners, Yu concluded that 40,000 men of the Chinese Communist XL Army Corps had crossed from Manchuria into North Korea...
...Chinese had sent troops into North Korea so late in the game no one could be sure. Said R.O.K. General Yu: "It may be that the Chinese have come in to save the big [Yalu River] generator at Supung which . . . serves both North Korea and Manchuria...
Fairbank thought the Chinese are probably anxious to protect the dams on the Yalu River in Korea which provide Manchuria with hydro-electric power. Reischauer, on the other haud, felt that "the dams aren't so terribly valuable to them so that they would risk a major war over them...