Word: manchurian
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Part of the price the U.S. had paid Joseph Stalin at Yalta was a promise that the U.S. would support Russia's bid for a "special position" in Manchuria: control of the South Manchurian Railroad, Dairen and Port Arthur. Told about this deal months later, Chiang Kai-shek reluctantly accepted. Further, when the Russians marched into Manchuria, three days after the atom bomb on Hiroshima, they disarmed the Japanese, then handed the arms to the Chinese Communists. Chiang was not surprised. Even when both he and the Reds were arrayed against the Japanese, Chiang used to say: "The Japanese...
Mukden was lost. The Nationalist withdrawal had turned into a rout. As Communist troops took over the government's main Manchurian stronghold last week, Nanking received the radio message: "No more reports. Cannot get out of office. Goodbye." Nationalist planes began to bomb the city...
Unfortunately, a full-scale Manchurian Dunkirk from Yingkow was no longer possible. The success of the operation depended on the ability of General Liao Yao-hsiang to keep open the escape corridor with twelve divisions, to allow the remaining seven Nationalist divisions to embark. Last week, the Communist radio announced that Liao's whole demoralized force had been wiped out. Significantly, it added that the disaster had occurred "on the eve of the U.S. elections...
...military implications of the Manchurian disaster were also serious. After mopping up around Mukden, handsome Communist Commander General Lin Piao, once Chiang Kai-shek's star student at the Whampoa Military Academy, will be able to mass some 250,000 Red troops for a southward thrust at Peiping and General Fu Tso-yi's North China corridor. Unless Fu can get substantial reinforcements, the fall of North China will be merely a question of Communist convenience...
...China crystallizes the utter failure of the two-year-old American policy. For that failure the Truman Administration is not wholly responsible. The Russians have not carried out their agreement at Yalta, namely to assist Chiang in setting up a democratic government for a unified China, Instead they removed Manchurian industries and supplied his communist enemies...