Word: manchus
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...piety. In fact, the subjects of this exhibition are a father, his son and grandson - the Qing Emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong - who ruled the Middle Kingdom for 133 consecutive years and expanded China even beyond its present-day borders. And the trio weren't even Chinese. They were Manchus, hunters and fishers from north of the Great Wall who successfully vanquished the crumbling Ming Dynasty in 1644 and were greeted with surprising resignation by most of their new subjects. How these foreign rulers used Chinese tradition, culture and ritual to consolidate their vast empire is a principal theme...
...round moon gate - as well as in an architectural moon gate that separates two rooms in the exhibition. A display case of ruyi scepters is paired with a hanging scroll, The Yongzheng Emperor Admiring Flowers, in which that sovereign holds just such a symbol of power. Although the Manchus continued to rule China until the last Emperor abdicated in 1912, the Qing Dynasty declined after the reigns of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. Their weaker successors were humbled by European powers and never matched the splendor and sophistication their forebears deployed in marrying art with empire building. The three, shrewd emperors...
...Xinjiang (which were by no means part of China throughout all 5,000 years); two pages later, without respecifying her geographic boundaries, she writes that "out of the welter of dialects only one written language had emerged." What about Tibetan, Uighur, Mongolian? Chang is particularly hard on the Manchus, the northern-dwelling nomads who conquered China in 1644 and established the Qing dynasty. Chang correctly notes that the Manchus required their Han subjects to wear their hair in queues. But she calls this "a badge of their humiliation"?failing to mention that the Manchus wore their hair the same...