Word: manifestoes
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...underground manifesto questions Poland's system
...crude homemade press in Warsaw last week rolled 1,000 copies of Poland's newest underground journal Glos (Voice). The issue should quickly become a collector's item. Tucked in among articles on philosophy and international affairs was a seven-page manifesto that constituted the boldest challenge to Poland's Communist regime since food strikes and riots paralyzed the nation in 1976. It may be one of the most important political documents to surface in Eastern Europe since the near revolution of October...
...statement, called the "Manifesto of the Democratic Movement," attacked the "present economic disorganization, decay of authority and disintegration of society." The reason for this situation, it argued, was "the usurpation of the rights of citizens and the robbing of the nation's independence...
Though the manifesto did not say so outright, it was clear that its authors considered the Polish Communist Party to be the usurper and the Soviet Union the robber. Demanding the restoration of "sovereignty and democracy," the manifesto called for "freedom of belief, thought, speech, information, assembly and work." It insisted specifically on the right to strike, on free trade unions, abolition of censorship and complete reform of the electoral system...
...demonstrations in Bologna. "Let these youths carry their insults against our party," declared Party Chief Enrico Berlinguer. "Bologna will surely not be disrupted by their lies." Berlinguer accused them of regarding "the Communist Party as the enemy to be defeated." In a bitter reference to the French intellectuals' manifesto, he noted that "the right wing often disguises itself as leftist, and cultural idiots at home and abroad fall right into the trap...