Word: manifestoes
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...African politicians may still be unschooled in diplomacy, but they have made great strides on the public relations front. A year ago, government leaders advertised that State President P.W. Botha would unveil a package of far-reaching reforms at a provincial National Party congress in Durban. When Botha's "manifesto for the future" proved to be largely a manifesto for more of the same, an international outcry ensued. Last week, as Botha returned to Durban to address a full party congress, officials tried a different tack, this one designed to thwart untoward expectations. One administrator warned foreign correspondents, "This speech...
...want to prepare the birth of an industrial and military Venice. Let us fill the stinking little canals with the rubble of the tottering, infected old palaces! Let us burn the gondolas, rocking chairs for idiots." Thus Filippo Tommaso Marinetti and his friends, the futurist painters, in a manifesto from 1910. It is a delicious irony that the most important exhibition in Europe this summer (or indeed anywhere else) should be a giant display of futurist paintings, sculpture, books, pamphlets, posters and memorabilia in a palace, no longer tottering, on the Grand Canal. Titled "Futurismo & Futurismi" ("Futurism and Its Offshoots...
...glass elevators zipping up the exterior walls. Its painting would try to encompass not just sight but noise, heat and smell; above all, it would depict movement. To fix this industrial mode in Italian (and European) culture, the pastoral mode had to be slaughtered. "Kill the moonlight!" one futurist manifesto exclaimed. Whatever lingered from the 1890s -- symbolism, impressionism, the cults of nuance and nostalgia, of the Arcadian countryside or the introverted personality -- was futurism's enemy...
...decades, however, an avant-garde of populist architectural historians has been looking at the strip and its larger-than-life iconography without conventional middlebrow contempt. The movement's manifesto is Learning from Las Vegas (1972), Robert Venturi's examination of crowd-pleasing architectural symbolism and buildings designed primarily for drivers. The irony is so American, so pop: cultural highbrows celebrating unself-conscious lowbrow vulgarity...
...Pres. De Beauvoir was not far behind. She won the prestigious Prix Goncourt for her fourth novel, The Mandarins, an astringent survey of the Paris literary life as well as a memoir of her own affair with ^ Chicago Novelist Nelson Algren. More enduring fame came from her monumental manifesto The Second Sex (1949), one of the cornerstones of modern feminism...