Word: manifestoes
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...vigorous, but he decided to sound that way for the sake of his image. He sent a warship to Nicaragua when a U.S. citizen was assaulted, then was shocked when the ship's captain leveled a village under British protection. Turning to Cuba next, Pierce inspired the Ostend Manifesto, which suggested that if Spain refused to sell the island, the U.S. would be justified in wresting it from Spain "if we possess the power." Spain refused to sell, and Pierce was left with only words. He did nothing...
...leftists' aim was to change three key features of the party's constitution: 1) the procedure for drafting the party manifesto, an electoral document that is considered far more binding than U.S. party platforms; 2) the degree of control that the "constituency parties," or local committees, exercise over their M.P.s; and 3) the method of choosing the party leader. Constitutional changes were necessary, the Benn forces argued, in order to make the party more accountable to the rank and file. Callaghan and his fellow moderates denounced the plan as a power play that might wreck the party...
...solid majorities, the left won out on two of the three proposals. The task of drafting the manifesto was put into the hands of the national executive committee, robbing the party leader of his veto power in shaping policy. From now on Members of Parliament will have to submit to renomination by their local constituency parties midway through their terms-making them "poodles" on a short leash, as one moderate M.P. angrily remarked. Only the bloc votes of some moderate trade unions saved Callaghan from defeat on the third proposal: the choice of the party leader will remain...
...time Callaghan took the podium in the Brighton Center, the fight was all but lost. The hall bristled with hostility as he rose to speak. Unruffled, the former Prime Minister delivered a dignified defense of his record: "I claim without apology, I claim proudly, a fine record of manifesto achievements carried out by a minority government." The blame, he implied, lay with the winter of strikes and labor unrest that had set the national mood for the Tory victory. He concluded with a call for unity: "Let's avoid party-bashing among each other. Let's have...
Southern Africa. The black manifesto demanded that Jews bring pressure on Israel to halt "its support of those repressive and racist regimes" in South Africa and Zimbabwe Rhodesia. Israel does in fact maintain a flourishing trade with South Africa ($120 million last year), and it provided military assistance that has been used against black guerrillas. Ties between Israel and South Africa started when both nations needed whatever allies they could find. Israel also used to help black Africa until the Africans themselves broke off these relations in order to take a more pro-Arab position...