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...first meeting of the National Black Economic Development Conference in Detroit just two years ago this week, a solemn, angry black man rose to read a "Black Manifesto." He demanded, among other things, $500 million in "reparations" from white U.S. churches and synagogues. What he wanted, said James Forman bluntly, was to be paid for past injustices. He calculated the bill at "$15 per nigger," and he urged black people "to commence the disruption of white racist churches and synagogues." Eight days later, Forman and some of his followers invaded Riverside Church, Manhattan's temple of liberal Protestantism...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Religion: Reparations up to Date | 5/3/1971 | See Source »

...true impact of Forman's pronouncement, however, is greater than B.E.D.C.'s bank account. Though the manifesto in fact antagonized a good many churchmen, it may have helped release literally millions of dollars for expanded or new programs to aid minority groups, especially blacks. White churchmen generally deny that they are acting in direct response to the manifesto, whose revolutionary appeal they abhor. But in a number of denominations, there is evidence of a heightened effort to overcome the racial and social problems the manifesto dramatized. The churchmen are exercising control over their money and for the most...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Religion: Reparations up to Date | 5/3/1971 | See Source »

...United Methodist Church also had been involved in a sizable aid program for blacks and other minorities before the manifesto, but has since voted an additional $4,000,000 to fund various minority community efforts. The $400,000 disbursed so far, however, has gone mostly to projects closely related to the church. Black Methodists, among other churchmen, "used B.E.D.C. as a threat," says Calvin Marshall. "They said to their churches, 'Deal with us, or you'll have to deal with them...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Religion: Reparations up to Date | 5/3/1971 | See Source »

...Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) was outspoken in its rejection of the manifesto, but has since doubled the $2,000,000 previously earmarked for a "reconciliation" project. "I thank the Lord for the manifesto," says the black director of the Disciples' program. "It showed the denominations that the alienation was deeper than they thought." > The U.S. Catholic Bishops' $50 million Campaign for Human Development, launched last fall, is pointedly aimed at funding minority self-help projects. A one-day nationwide appeal last Thanksgiving netted a generous $8,400,000, comfortably more than the initial target...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Religion: Reparations up to Date | 5/3/1971 | See Source »

...early De Kooning. Near the end of his life, Marin was almost literally writing the paint onto his canvases -his own title for a 1950 oil was The Written Sea-with an immediacy of gesture that irresistibly reminds one of Pollock. Many of his notes read like a manifesto of the New York School: he was preoccupied with the integrity of the picture plane ("By George I am not to convey the feel that it's bent out of its own individual flatness") and rejected illusionism ("Give paint a chance to show itself entirely as paint...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Art: Fugues in Space | 2/22/1971 | See Source »

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