Word: manley
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...some places, the IMF stands for something other than money. In Jamaican dialect--a strange concoction of English, French and native African languages--IMF last week stood for the question "Is Manley Fault...
...MICHAEL MANLEY is not a bad man. As prime minister of Jamaica, his hopes, dreams and ambitions merged with the views of his countrymen for eight years as he sought to improve the life of the common people by liberating them from colonial landholding powers, raising their expectations, and freeing them from "Western Imperialism." To some, Manley and his People's National Party (PNP) represented more than a political movement. In the beautiful land of Jamaica, where remnants of African customs, reggae rhythms and popular Christianity comingle to form a unique culture. Manley developed an intense spiritual following. Many predicted...
...Americans, then, it came as something of a surprise when Manley's party went down to an overwhelming defeat at the polls last week, and the prime minister himself was barely able to hold on to his parliamentary seat. Students and professors at Harvard expressed their dismay at Manley's fall. "It's going to set Jamaica back 10 years," Selwyn Cudjoe, assistant professor of Afro-American Studies, said. And Karen Alphonse '83, a Jamaican, concurred. "Manley has raised Jamaica's political consciousness. You cannot get up now and tell Jamaicans they cannot be satisfied," she said...
...Manley had explained to his fervent followers that Jamaican problems resulted from a devastating triple play: Western imperialism and its effect on the Jamaican capital, a skyrocketing oil import bill and blundering representatives in the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The IMF received particular wrath from Manley, who blamed the Fund for forcing a Jamaican currency devaluation which he claimed had disabled the Jamaican economy. Symbols of last week's election, graffiti scrawled on the walls of Kingston and throughout the country, denounced the IMF for trying to prompt the downfall...
FAULT, OF COURSE, is in the eye of the beholder; but ominous changes in the state of the Jamaican economy since Manley tried to "challenge the power of the Western economic structure" with his form of democratic socialism lend credence to the writing on the walls. The average Jamaican is now 25-per-cent worse off than he was in 1973--and this is an economy which had managed to maintain a high annual growth rate of nearly five per cent throughout the 1960s. Under Manley's system of "land reform," production of agricultural goods declined dramatically, and farm exports...