Word: manuals
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...could be a manual for the Viet Cong or the Cuban-backed rebels in El Salvador. If it were, the Administration would likely be waving it as proof of its thesis about the sources of insidious world terrorism. In fact, however, it is a publication of the CIA, written for Nicaraguan contras seeking to overthrow the Sandinista regime. Its disclosure last week came as a political embarrassment to the Administration and a major moral one for the U.S. It stirred memories of CIA abuses that were supposedly outlawed a decade ago and gave Democrats a potentially hot new campaign issue...
...gather together the population affected, so that they will be present and take part in the act." If "it should be necessary" to shoot a "citizen who is trying to leave town," guerrillas should claim that he was "an enemy of the people." Targets who fail to cooperate, the manual instructs, should be "exposed" to police "with false statements from citizens." The finale of a successful local insurgency is a mob riot. "Professional criminals will be hired to carry out specific selective jobs" like provoking a shooting that will "cause the death of one or more people who would become...
...declared, "It is not hard to tell, as we look around the world, who are the terrorists and who are the freedom fighters . . . The contras in Nicaragua do not blow up school buses or hold mass executions of civilians." (Asked how to reconcile Shultz's statement with the manual, a State Department spokesman said he was prohibited from discussing intelligence matters...
...gringo" who arrived as a CIA operative at rebel headquarters in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. He was described by Chamorro as an Irishman who fought for the U.S. in the Korean War and admired the "psychological operations" of the Irish Republican Army. Chamorro printed up 2,000 copies of the manual and handed out 200 of them to his troops, but then he had second thoughts. He revised the rest by censoring out references to "criminals" and "murder." (It was not the only time that contra leaders have balked at CIA help. Last spring they objected to a 16-page CIA Freedom...
Adolfo Calero, one of the contra leaders, denied last week that his guerrillas followed the terrorist teachings in the CIA manual. But in the field, the contras do use psychological and physical coercion to win over the peasantry, just as Communist-backed rebel organizations do. Government sympathizers are sometimes executed, and contra commanders have discussed assassinating one or another of the nine-member ruling Sandinista directorate. The contras had a list of 60 Sandinistas in the village of San Fernando who had to be "eliminated" before the contras could safely occupy the town last year, according to those who traveled...