Word: mao
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Nehru first announced the Chinese border incursions. After hustling back to India for a top-level party meeting, Ghosh flew off to Peking to beg Mao Tse-tung to be less brutal. Unsuccessful in Peking, Ghosh went back to Moscow to plead for help there, and last week completed his circle tour by scurrying home to New Delhi to try to hold the party together. Best measure of his success so far: postponement of a party central-committee meeting scheduled for this week, presumably to allow time for tempers to cool...
Unimpressive in appearance but steely cold in personality, Liu boldly accused Peng of "bureaucratism," so overawed the burly soldier that ex-Bandit Peng went into a paroxysm of selfcriticism. Even his close association with Mao's archopponent within the party, Stalinist Li Lisan, did not halt Liu's rise. Thanks to his gift for translating Mao's sweeping ideas into explicit political handbooks, Liu's "literary" works (How to Be a Good Communist, On the Party Struggle) became must reading for all Chinese Communists...
...thinking." Trembling at these injunctions, local party bosses tore up honest production figures and conjured up new ones likely to please Peking. But by last October the Red leadership was beginning to realize that the only alternative to total collapse was relaxation. Meeting in the industrial center of Wuhan, Mao and his satraps decided on their line of retreat. The communes would remain, but they would be "tidied up." Peasants would be "entitled" to money wages and eight hours' sleep a night, were even told that "individual trees around their houses, small farm tools, small instruments and small domestic...
...Gambit. The men responsible for the big stumble did not suffer. Mao Tse-tung retained the all-powerful chairmanship of the Communist Party, and, though he did step down as chief of state, he was replaced by Organization Man Liu. But there were scapegoats. Three weeks ago, 200 middle-echelon planners and administrators, who were guilty of accurately predicting the failure of the big leap, were dismissed from their posts...
...another purge in Peking was scarcely enough to take the peasants' minds off their woes. For that purpose, Mao & Co. raised the cry that "foreign imperialists" were threatening peace-loving China. It was a hoary gambit, especially for Peking. In 1950 the Communists had helped consolidate their initial conquest of China by intervention in Korea. The bombardment of Quemoy in 1958 had helped reconcile China's masses to the strains of the big leap. Now, to divert attention from its failure, Peking could point to the bloody revolt in Tibet, Indian "aggression" along the Tibetan frontier...