Word: mao
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...regime until last June, when he and some 500 other cultural leaders were caught in the net of "thought reform," as part of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Chinese army officers forced Ma and his colleagues to clean toilets and break stones in the morning, study the thoughts of Mao Tse-tung and write "confessions" till late at night-an exercise that lasted 50 days. Allowed to return to his music academy in mid-August, he was then set upon by the Red Guards and exposed to the humiliation he described in New York...
...last week did one of Red China's foremost musicians describe the treatment meted out to him by Mao Tse-tung's Red Guards. What made the description more remarkable was that it was made on American soil, in Manhattan, by one of the few escapees from Red China to reach the U.S. He is Ma Ssu-tsung, 54, the president of Red China's Central Academy of Music, the vice president of the Union of Chinese Musicians and a deputy to the National People's Congress...
...tried by kangaroo courts, had her hair bobbed, and now works sweeping floors. Chou Hsin-fang, star of the Peking opera, and elderly Author Lao She (known in the West for Rickshaw Boy) have disappeared and are believed to be either dead or toiling in remote labor camps. Mao's China is indeed a land where, as Ma Ssu-tsung put it, "art is a prisoner in shackles...
...very Red Guards whom Premier Chou En-lai last month ordered back to school. Those orders were part of a general damping down of revolutionary chaos in the interests of getting the spring grain crop planted and the economy moving. But last week's youthful display indicates that Mao has changed his mind about any letup. Wall posters, in fact, reported that Chou and other Maoist officials publicly admitted that it has been a mistake to disband the Red Guards...
...already powerless, why should Mao unleash what Peking radio called "mass rallies wrathfully denouncing the crimes" of Liu and vowing "to resolutely destroy him?" Best explanation: Liu is the symbol of continuing resistance to Mao's revolution throughout the party and cadre structure, which Liu himself spent 20 years building. A Red Guard leader addressing a Peking rally allowed as much, explaining that "final accounts" must be settled against Liu because "only by destroying his sinister headquarters can we ensure the recapture of the party, and political, financial and cultural power...