Word: mao
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...shadow of the walls of Peking's Forbidden City, where the history of modern China is being written these days in foot-high ideographs of pure vitriol, that shrill challenge was published last week over the name of Mao Tse-tung, the Red Emperor of China. The world indeed wiped its eyes in astonishment as Mao's Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, aimed at "purifying" Chinese Communism, erupted into strife and stridency so bitter that it produced widespread chaos and verged on civil war. The revolution that for 18 years has enchained China's 750 million people...
Flooded with Posters. What the West saw was fragmentary, since only a handful of foreign reporters are permitted in Peking, and they get most of their information from Red Guard posters and pamphlets; it was, for example, the Toronto Globe and Mail's David Oancia who discovered the Mao challenge last week. But though reports often clashed in detail, they left little doubt that the height of the battle was approaching between Mao and his hand-picked heir, Marshal Lin Piao, on the one hand, and the more pragmatic and liberal Politburo faction headed by Chinese President Liu Shao...
...eastern Chinese city of Nanking (pop. 1.5 million), the words and pictures of violence gave way to violence itself. The Czechoslovakian news agency reported that some 500,000 workers had poured into the city, determined to wipe out Mao's local Red Guard contingent and end its harassing techniques. For four days, the two factions fought furiously in the streets. More than 60,000 prisoners were taken by both sides, and many were tortured in the best Chinese fashion. Said the Czechs: "Their fingers, noses and ears were chopped off, their tongues cut out." Japan's Kyodo news...
...gunfire chattered for more than five minutes and that the next morning the inevitable posters appeared, some of them reporting that factory workers had made trouble in the capital's western district. Across China, the Red Guards have met with increasingly stiff resistance in their drive to spread Mao's revolutionary fervor. "One learns how to make a revolution by making it," Mao has said, "just as one learns to swim by swimming." For the Red Guards, the swimming seems more and more to be upstream...
...Truth. Despite the new violence and threats of more violence, however, the main war is still being fought with words-thousands upon thousands of them. Most of them deal in sharp vilification of the villains opposing Mao's revolution, or make an effort to arouse indignation and sympathy for Mao and thus broaden the base of mass support that he and Lin Piao must command to make their purge of China successful. The attacks are based on the deeply orthodox belief that the teachings of Mao contain all truth-and that to question or oppose them...