Word: mao
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...Service. Even more striking is Chairman Hua's espousal of Teng policies that twice incurred the wrath of Mao, the Great Helmsman. For the past year Mao's heir has attempted to put into effect some of the pragmatic economic and educational reforms that Teng consistently advocated. Hua apparently now hopes to exploit Teng's administrative skills and his program for the modernization of China, while avoiding the appearance of assailing the memory of the revered Mao. This may require a Chinese conjuring trick, considering Teng's reputation as a bureaucrat who gave little more than...
Although he was a veteran of Mao's Long March who remained personally close to the Chairman until the early 1960s, Teng disagreed with Mao's 1958 Great Leap Forward, which marked a disastrous setback for China, particularly in agriculture. In the Leap's aftermath, Teng, who was then general secretary of the Party, introduced a gradualist agricultural reform program designed to undo the damage. In a 1962 speech that was to haunt him later, Teng declared that ideology came second to results: "For the purpose of increasing agricultural production, any by-hook-or-by-crook method...
...When Mao imposed ideological purity by force during the 1966-69 Cultural Revolution, the diminutive (5 ft.) Teng was stripped of all his posts, driven by the Red Guards through the streets wearing a dunce cap, and dispatched to seven years in disgrace. In 1973 Teng made his first surprising reappearance, at a banquet in Peking. He soon became Vice Premier and the closest collaborator and heir presumptive of Premier Chou Enlai. When Chou's health had begun to fail, Teng headed a delegation to the United Nations in 1974-a hint that he might take over the Premier...
Radical Programs. Teng's second downfall two years later was the result of his dogged opposition to Mao's radical programs. These included turning over the universities to workers, peasants and soldiers and transferring scientific research from the laboratories tp the communes. Defending the Academy of Science from Mao's populist incursions, Teng declared in 1975 that "it is not an academy of cabbage; it is not an academy of beans; it is an academy that deals with science." Teng asserted that even the bourgeois scientist can make a contribution. In his earthy way, he argued that...
Teng also proposed that industry throughout China be under central supervision-a policy that Hua has now adopted. The radical view espoused by Chiang Ch'ing and backed by Mao called for local economic independence. Teng also argued for higher wages and other incentives "for certain workers" and a rise in living standards. "If there are not enough vegetables and meat," he asked, "how can industry function properly?" Striking at the heart of Maoist doctrine, he declared that "it is wrong to practice egalitarianism, denying existing differences and refusing remuneration according to the work done...