Word: maoists
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Such clashes would severely test all the remarkable devices Mao and Defense Minister Lin Piao have developed in the last seven years to tighten their political grip on the military. Since Lin became Defense Minister in 1959 he has tried to turn the PLA into a "Great School" of Maoist thought. He and Mao disapproved of the 1950's soldier, whose mind was directed toward tactics more than politics. The two of them could, with more justification than the Pentagon, use as their slogan for the 1960's: "Join the NEW Army." It is possible, from the scattered evidence...
...perhaps the Chinese really know how much national pride and Maoist commitment this training has awakened in the young soldiers or officers. Most of the experiences--the steady political education, the "Officers to the Ranks" movement, the "Emulate the PLA" campaign, the abolition of ranks--are devices introduced or reemphasized by Lin Piao since he took over the Defense Ministry in 1960, but Mao almost certainly had a hand in them also...
Armed with their cash bribes, many first went on a spending spree for what passes for luxury goods in China. As a result, sales of watches, radios and cotton goods were belatedly banned, and the Maoists issued orders freezing wages and bank withdrawals. In Shanghai, where Mao backers and anti-Mao farmers fresh from the country confronted one another, the anti-Mao city authorities were accused of trying to withdraw more than $400,000 in funds at a stroke. Trying to get the country's industry running again without its regular workers or managers, Maoist students took over...
...rule from the cities of the eastern river valleys to the western desert of Sinkiang. The deposed mayor of Shanghai was hauled through the city's streets atop a trolley car, his head bowed and a placard tied about his neck. Armed battles between pro-and anti-Maoist factions roiled the streets of Canton, and north of the city, in Kiangsi province, an army of anti-Mao peasants was reported gathering-and daring Mao's Red Guards to come and fight them. Wall posters announced the suicide of onetime Army Chief of Staff Lo Jui-ching and other...
...Maoist postermakers have developed a shorthand of invective in the war of words. One favorite reference is to a "dog in the water," meaning an enemy who has been brought down but should be finished off to avoid all risks of a future comeback. "Black gangsters" are anti-Mao intellectuals, whose output is likely to be "poisonous weeds." Enemies of Mao who do not quite qualify as intellectuals are labeled "ghosts and monsters" who follow the "black line." The difficulty of distinguishing friendly from unfriendly posters, especially when nearly all invoke the blessing of Mao for their point of view...