Word: maoists
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...N.P.A. bases its plans on classic Maoist theory, which sees three stages in a protracted war: the "strategic defensive," during which a Communist base is built; the "strategic stalemate," during which guerrilla forces achieve equal footing with government troops; and the "strategic offensive," when rebels force government troops into a defensive posture. According to both the military and the Communist Party, the insurgency is now nearing the end of the first stage. A stronger military response could forestall the next phase, but the best guarantee against further N.P.A. gains would be economic prosperity and the renewal of credible democracy...
...venturing beyond the confines of Maoism over the past eight years, Deng's great undertaking has, perhaps predictably, come in for some rough challenges. Disagreement lingers between the reformers, who are experimenting at the very margins of Marxism, and conservatives wedded to Marxist-Leninist orthodoxy and Maoist collectivism. Communes have been abolished, central planning reduced, party and government bureaucrats replaced by technocrats. Deng's innovations, rooted in the premise of "building socialism with Chinese characteristics," have stirred apprehension among China's Old Guard that the Communist Party's dominance could eventually be endangered. How much ideology can a country shed...
...reformers have loosened the Maoist straitjacket on the economy, they have also permitted greater, though still limited, social, cultural and even political freedom. Their far-reaching education program, for example, is founded on Deng's observation that "if a huge nation with 1 billion people could boost its education, its tremendous superiority in human resources would never be matched by any other country." The government plans to introduce gradually nine years of compulsory education throughout all of China. Until now, such basic education has not been mandatory, and was available only in the cities. Under the new plan, primary...
...Garcia to be sworn in as successor to President Fernando Belaunde Terry on July 28 in Peru's first transfer of power from one elected government to another in 40 years. Barrantes' decision to pull out came 36 hours after guerrillas, believed to be from the Maoist movement known as Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path), machine-gunned a car carrying the country's chief election officer, Domingo Garcia Rada, 72. Garcia Rada is in critical condition. President Belaunde denounced the "insane men who are bloodying our nation," declaring, "we will not let them interfere with the election process...
...arrested sometimes vanish for months on end. Party cadres and bureaucrats feel that their positions and prerogatives are threatened by the economic reforms. They resent the emergence of a new managerial technocracy and the promotion to positions of responsibility of intellectuals, "the stinking ninth category" in the original Maoist cosmology...