Word: maoists
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...freedom than China has ever known but which is still characterized by grave corruption and terrible injustice under a stern authoritarianism. Today China is many things, often contradictory: rich and poor, open and closed, liberated and oppressed, confident and insecure. But it decidedly isn't Marxist - or even Maoist. (See pictures of modern Shanghai...
...then witnessed the dramatic blossoming of personal freedoms and economic growth in the 1980s, punctuated by periodic countercampaigns launched by neo-Maoists in the leadership. One could literally feel and see Chinese society come alive after its long Maoist trauma, only to have people quickly recoil when the conservatives in the leadership reasserted themselves. This seesaw pattern persisted throughout the decade, culminating in the dramatic Tiananmen demonstrations and their suppression in June...
...question for China's leaders was never whether to modernize - but how. During the Maoist era a variety of economic models were experimented with, each of which achieving some modicum of growth. Yet all of them left China lagging far behind the West and East Asia. The costs of some initiatives, like the Great Leap Forward from 1958 to 1960, were catastrophic in human and environmental terms. It was not until Deng and Chen Yun, another reform-minded Politburo member, returned to power in 1978 from internal exile that the economic course was changed. (See pictures of a new look...
...time Deng and his compatriots came to power in 1978, China was traumatized, tired and alienated by 30 years of Maoist experiments and totalitarian controls. Deng's wisdom was to recognize that the state needed to retreat from society and the economy if the creative and entrepreneurial spirits of ordinary Chinese were to be unleashed...
...drive toward development cannot be denied-after the demise of Maoist ideology, growth is the key base of legitimacy for the ruling Communist Party. But it can be harnessed and made compatible with environmental protection. In the words of Shanghai-based environmental lawyer Charles R. McElwee, "the old-fashioned green" of money has become equated with "the new green" of such industries as alternative fuels and energy-efficient materials. That's not as far-fetched as it sounds. In fact, as the Climate Group outlined in an August report, China is already a global leader in environmental technology...