Word: mapped
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...effort to find the answer to this question. Two weeks ago Viking 2 dropped silently out of space and bumped to a landing on Mars' Utopia Planitia (plains of Utopia), some 4,600 miles east-northeast and almost halfway around the planet from Viking 1 (see map). The landing gave scientists some anxious moments. Shortly after separation from its lander, the Viking 2 orbiter lost its "lock" on the star Vega and began to roll, breaking its contact with mission controllers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. But even as engineers worked feverishly to correct the problem...
First stated in 1853 by a London graduate student named Francis Guthrie, the conjecture is simple. It says that no more than four colors are needed to shade any map so that no two adjoining countries are the same color. Though the experience of countless cartographers over the years supports the truth of this statement, mathematicians have never been able to prove it for all cases. Hence there remained the gnawing feeling that there just might be one instance where, say, five colors were needed instead of only four. Indeed, when Scientific American's puckish columnist Martin Gardner last...
...Frontiers. The proof announced by Mathematicians Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken in this month's math society Bulletin is no joke, however. They began by viewing the different possible maps that might be constructed in terms of simple and therefore mathematically manageable dots and lines. By this "graph" system, each country became a point; boundaries between countries became lines linking the dots. Painstakingly examining every imaginable map that could be fashioned out of these points and lines, Appel and Haken concluded that no matter how complex the map was, it had to contain at least...
...tremor, which measured 8 points on the Richter scale, came shortly after midnight last Monday. Centered in the Celebes Sea (see map), it sent the colossal tsunami waves toward the scenic shorelines of the Sulu Islands and the Moro Gulf coast while most residents were sleeping. The waves wiped out a dozen fishing villages, knocked out bridges, and caused buildings to collapse in the coastal cities of Cotabato, Pagadian and Davao. Philippine officials said the disaster was the worst in their country's history: 3,100 dead, another 3,700 missing, 1,000 injured and nearly 90,000 homeless...
...state disease detectives-physicians, biologists, chemists-set to work in Pennsylvania in a massive microbe hunt that resembled a police dragnet. Working round the clock, state officials turned an office in Harrisburg into a sort of "war room." One wall of the makeshift headquarters was covered with a map pierced with colored pins tracing the outbreak of Legionnaires' disease-red pins for deaths, yellow ones for reported illness. At several desks, shirtsleeved workers transferred information onto large sheets of graph paper. At others, workers telephoned the state's more than 300 hospitals, trying to determine the exact number...