Word: mapped
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...graphics oriented It's really just text." Lozano said. "It'd be nice to have a system that can show a map, like the route of a shuttle...
Biologists, unlike physicists, are unaccustomed to gargantuan, gazillion- dollar research projects. So when American geneticists embarked on a $3 billion effort to map out all the hereditary information found on the 23 pairs of human chromosomes, they decided, like the proverbial tortoise, to take the slow and careful route. Plotting out a 12-year game plan, the geneticists subdivided the work among nine different laboratories so that eventually the scientists could pool their results in one highly detailed chart. Along the way, they have been trying to patent their discoveries, even before knowing precisely what their importance...
...they did not count on the harelike speed -- and less mercenary mind-set -- of Daniel Cohen. An ambitious French geneticist, he has jumped ahead of his American rivals and is close to completing the first map of the human genome...
Cohen and his colleagues at the Center for the Study of Human Polymorphism in Paris will soon unveil their pioneering cartography. Thanks to a series of clever shortcuts, the French team's map will be available two years ahead of the schedule U.S. scientists set for themselves. Though somewhat rudimentary, Cohen's charts will make it easier for researchers to track down and isolate single genes scattered along the length of human chromosomes. "We don't want to say that we have beaten the Americans," the 41-year-old geneticist protests. "We like to compete, but not on a nationalistic...
...government has tacitly acknowledged the French achievement by awarding researchers at M.I.T. $24 million to adopt Cohen's techniques. But the American effort has yet to emulate the most admirable aspect of the French effort: Cohen intends to donate his gene map to the United Nations as a gift to the world, thereby ensuring all scientists unrestricted access to the vital data. Cohen feels he owes this to the public because his work has been largely funded by public donations to a muscular-dystrophy telethon...