Word: marketed
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...trial, which lasted six months, Berkey claimed that it had been grievously damaged by Kodak's alleged monopoly power; Berkey lost $24.2 million in the first nine months of 1977. To the astonishment of many legal experts, the jury agreed, finding that Kodak had monopolized the U.S. market for cameras, film and color-print paper and, to boot, had violated the fair-pricing provisions of the Robinson-Patman...
Kodak lawyers contended that the company had reached its pre-eminent position in the industry through skill, foresight and creative research. Far from being an invulnerable monopoly, lawyers claimed, Kodak was losing market share in pocket cameras, photographic paper and photo-finishing products. Said the lawyers: "In cameras, the competition is simply amazing...
Most of that competition, however, is coming from foreign companies. In the U.S., only Polaroid, with its instant cameras and film, remains a strong competitor of Kodak's in the amateur camera and film market. GAF abandoned that business last year because, said Chairman Jesse Werner, "it has become impossible to compete." Bell & Howell, which reached an out-of-court settlement of an antimonopoly suit against Kodak, has incurred losses in its consumer photo business since 1974 and has joined forces with two Japanese firms to market their products...
...nontariff measures"), which are often deemed to be much more restrictive for international trade than tariffs themselves. NTMs range from straightforward quotas, to subtle and not-so-subtle local labeling requirements, to health, technical and environmental standards that can stop foreigners from freely entering another country's domestic market...
Nevertheless, low-rent water babies need not despair. A drop to popular prices is likely if California hot tubs find a mass market. That's what happened with calculators and waterbeds, both expensive innovations which now sell for a fraction of their original price. Such exotic headaches as cleaning redwood slime out of the water pump and dealing with houseguests who refuse to leave the tub may become staples of cocktail party conversation, if hot tubs can be successfully exported to colder climes than California...