Word: marrow
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Another problem is getting viral vectors into bone-marrow stem cells, from which all of the blood's white cells are descended. Even when the rare stem cells are found, inserting genes into them is difficult because they divide infrequently, and the vectors used in gene therapy insert genes only into cells that are dividing. Had Anderson's group been able to use stem cells in the landmark therapy with little Ashanthi DeSilva, for example, follow-up treatments would not have been necessary. Endowed with the normal gene, the marrow stem cells would have produced a continuing supply...
...malignant tumor's terrible advance: not surgery, not radiation, not standard chemotherapy. So to save the nine-year-old's life, his doctors decided to kill him--nearly. They increased the dosage of an anticancer agent known as cyclophosphamide to levels that completely wiped out Dustin's bone marrow and thus destroyed his ability to generate new red and white blood cells. Then they revived their small patient by injecting him with healthy marrow that had been drawn in advance from his hipbone. The result: today Dustin is 12 and about to enter middle school in Pulaski, Virginia. For almost...
...Bone-marrow transplants cured SICKLE CELL ANEMIA in three-quarters of youngsters in a recent study. But the radical procedure will probably be reserved for the worst cases because 10% of the patients died...
...blood from the discarded placenta of a newborn baby and inject it into a child suffering from leukemia. But it is not voodoo. According to a study of 25 children published in the New England Journal of Medicine last week, the unusual treatment may work better than a bone-marrow transplant in treating the childhood cancer. Placental blood might even be used someday to treat other blood and immune-system disorders--from sickle-cell anemia to AIDS...
...procedure appears to solve a medical Catch-22. Although the transplantation of bone-marrow cells can restore the immune system of a child suffering from leukemia, hundreds of children in the U.S. die each year for lack of a suitable donor--this despite the fact that more than 2 million Americans have volunteered. The problem is that bone-marrow transplants require a far more precise match of tissue types--measured by six different genetic identity markers--than, say, heart or kidney transplants...