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To buttress their case, exobiologists have exposed microorganisms to simulated Martian environments (carbon dioxide, extreme cold, small amounts of water) in so-called "Mars jars." Some of the bugs readily adapted to the Martian conditions. For this reason, Western scientists were all the more concerned last week that the Russian...
Exobiologists have suggested a number of scenarios for the survival of Martian life. Sagan, for instance, theorizes that Mars may now be experiencing an ice age. As he explains it, the planet's northern hemisphere does not now receive the maximum possible dose of solar radiation because the Martian north...
(4 of 10) of their bleak planet. If Martian creatures found intense ultraviolet radiation unbearable, Sagan speculates, they may have developed tough silicate shells that would protect them from it. The reason that Mars does not reflect back much ultraviolet radiation, he says whimsically, may be that all those turtle...
That any Martian creatures, turtle-like or otherwise, will be discovered during the current Mars missions seems highly unlikely. Mariner 9, mapping the planet with its twin TV cameras and using ultraviolet and infra-red sensors to probe the surface and the atmosphere, will never come close enough in its...
Nonetheless, Mariner 9 has already added important new findings to man's knowledge of Mars. Near the south pole, one of the few areas where Mariner's cameras have been able to peer through the huge dust storm that still obscures much of the planet, the surface is also remarkably...