Word: martials
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Cambodia did much to demolish Viet Nam's widespread image in the Third World as a brave anticolonial underdog and show it up more as an Oriental 20th century Sparta intent on becoming gendarme and ruler of all it can grasp. One mystery: How do the Vietnamese maintain that martial impulse after more than 30 years of constant warfare? Part of the answer derives from who has the upper hand in the collective leadership that succeeded Ho Chi Minh. The eleven-man Politburo is divided between pragmatists who want to concentrate on internal reconstruction and hard-liners who are bent...
Other major revolts, in the third, sixth and tenth centuries, helped the Viets build a martial spirit, which was needed to ward off attacks from Tais in the west and Chams in the south. A dozen more wars and another ruthless Chinese occupation in the early 15th century reinforced the Viets' independent spirit and burned hostility toward the Chinese into their minds for good. Before World War II, Nationalist China gave shelter to anti-French Vietnamese political refugees, but even this consideration failed to erase the enmity. In his subsequent war against the French, Ho Chi Minh was offered...
Terrorist gun battles and frequent political assassinations. A fratricidal massacre involving warring Muslim sects. Martial law in a third of the country. Shortages of basic commodities and foodstuffs. Unemployment higher than in any continental European country. Inflation that has soared beyond any citizen's desire to measure...
...December at Maras in central Turkey, the Sunnis went on a rampage. In retaliation for a street clash, they killed more than 100 Shi'ites and burned hundreds of others out of their homes. The massacre forced Ecevit, an accomplished poet and a prideful civil libertarian, to declare martial law in 13 of Turkey's 67 provinces...
...large areas of the Rhodesian bush. Besides reserve forces in neighboring countries, the Patriotic Front has an estimated 12,000 guerrillas inside Rhodesia, which is just about as many men as the Salisbury government has on active duty. Fully 90% of Rhodesia is now under some form of martial...