Word: marxisms
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...limited attachment to the power system that has evolved in the Western world. It has often been victimized by this system and has never felt the ownership over it that Western nations do. And of course China has centuries of native strategic culture that, overlaid with the neuralgia of Marxism, shapes its thinking. Calls for China to be a responsible stakeholder have failed not least because China is ambivalent about the international system as it's currently construed. Even if we could solve the laundry list of perplexities we confront - trade, currency, Tibet, Taiwan - the main problem would linger...
...educated black élites. Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana's pan-Africanist, earned a B.A., and M.A., in the U.S. Zimbabwean Robert Mugabe is a former teacher who was raised, in part, by the Jesuits and earned four university degrees by correspondence in prison. Mbeki too spent years in exile studying Marxism in Britain and the Soviet Union. Even Mandela was a chief's son and one of the country's first black lawyers before he became a revolutionary. For these men, the struggle was as much intellectual as physical. (See pictures of South Africa after 15 years of ANC rule...
...weighty and substantial aspect of human life, they must have a certain level of seriousness and importance, and they must be worthy of respect in a democratic society and not be in conflict with the fundamental rights of others. Along with climate change, "the political philosophies of socialism, Marxism, communism or free-market capitalism might qualify," Burton said in his ruling. But he noted that fringe beliefs - the belief in the supreme nature of Jedi knights, for example - would not qualify for protection. (See 10 questions for actor Ewan McGregor...
...there's the rub. When Marxism was transformed in the 20th century from a social theory to a set of guidelines for the conduct of state action, it became an evil, responsible for the deaths of millions and an intolerance that reduced the intellectual life of much of the world to a frozen stubble. With the pages of that narrative fresh in the memory, it is easy to read history backwards, and conclude that Marxism came into being with a livid birthmark that would disfigure it for ever. (Read: "Marxism: The Persistent Vision...
...work in Manchester, was just 24 when he wrote The Condition of the Working Class in England--a brilliant book whose subject would provide the factual underpinning to the analysis of capitalism that Engels and his friend Karl Marx later produced. Hunt, a British historian, details the way Marxism would not have been possible without Engels, an unlikely revolutionary who worked for years as a high-living, foxhunting capitalist to support Marx's endeavors--Engels' devotion was such that he even assumed the paternity of an illegitimate child of Marx's. Hunt shows how factionalism was endemic among 19th century...