Word: marxisms
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Under the Communists, science continued to be admired, but it was rigidly required to be loyal. Since, to the Marxist, the new society was the inevitable result of the inexorable evolution of natural law, Marxism appeared to be a triumph of science, and science in turn became a Marxist cult. In 1934 French Statesman Edouard Herriot observed that "Soviet rule has bestowed upon science all the authority of which it deprived religion...
...academic individualism," and in the great purge of 1936-38, nearly half of the academy's party members were either shot or shipped to forced-labor camps. Cosmopolitanism (the idea that science could be foreign or Jewish), objectivism (the refusal to interpret new research in the light of Marxism), and idealism (a catch-all indictment) became the cardinal sins. The era of "fatherland science" had begun. By official decree, Russia claimed so many retroactive scientific "firsts" that its impressive past was discredited by exaggeration: Polzunov was declared the builder of the first steam engine; A. N. Lodygin, producer...
Increasingly concerned with Communist gains in his own country, Nehru is readier than he once was to discuss the defects of Communism. On another occasion last week he pointed out that Marxism had got its historical prophecy wrong, failing to foretell the prosperity of America. Sometimes it seems as if Neutralist Nehru, who likes to balance off two great world forces, has lately concluded that the U.S. has now become the underdog that needs a little defending...
Marxist Buddhist. U Nu has also declared that "Marxism and Buddhism are incompatible," but to Burma's surprise the side he chose to join was that of Marxist Thakin Kyaw Dun and his strongly left-wing socialist followers. U Kyaw Nyein emerged as the rival leader, backed by U Ba Swe, Minister of Defense, and Thakin Tha Kin, ex-Home Minister who had been fired by U Nu. Both sides agreed to an equal division of the party's real estate and money, and prepared for a showdown in the August session of Parliament, with the losing side...
...returned to their seats, having read in advance the speech to be delivered by scholarly Edvard Kardelj, Tito's chief theoretician. To their dismay, Kardelj added some savage ad libs: "We cannot recognize anybody's right to decide what in our program is in the spirit of Marxism and what is not . . . We do not need any certificates on our Marxism-Leninism." Only the Pole joined in the applause. And Yugoslav trade union boss General Svetozar Vukmanovic-Tempo minced no words when asked who was interfering in Yugoslav affairs. "Who?" demanded General Vukmanovic-Tempo. "Khrushchev-Nikita Sergeevich-that...