Word: marxisms
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Phillips: We [Partisan Review editors] were in the process of evolving in the 1930s. We had been more or less Marxists during the early period. Gradually, we found ourselves questioning Marxism itself as a viable doctrine theoretically, or as a doctrine that explained political activity. The period of gradual change was extended up to the present time. We started focusing more on questions than on answers...
...Khomeini regime falls, it is quite possible that the Iranian left will come to power because of the virtual disintegration of all political forces in the mod erate center. Of the three major leftist parties, the Fedayan and Tudeh believe in Marxism and the Mujahedin in Islamic socialism, a variant that provides for a belief in God. Only the Communist Tudeh Party appears to be closely associated with the Soviet Union. All three parties are hostile to the West...
...master of the world remains an anomaly in the natural unfolding of the course of history." Muslims have recoiled from modernization in exact proportion to the force of its temptation for them. They have been attracted by secular materialism, have tried it in the guise of both capitalism and Marxism, but they have often been disappointed by it, have associated it with the colonial masters who introduced them to it. They have found it dangerously, almost radioactively, corrupt...
Muslims have aggressively sought the material wonders of the West, yet are ambivalent in their souls. Berque locates the central dilemma of Islam: If Islam is ever to become an economic and political competitor of capitalism and Marxism, it must embrace a progress that may forever weaken its ethical and spiritual structures, just as other religions have been drained by the secularization of the Western world. So far, Islam has not proved itself a vehicle of social change, a program to confront the modern world...
...moved on to more pressing areas of moral inquiry. To individuals with a profound need for moralistic posturing--or simply irritated with the pretensions that all intellectual fashions acquire--the temptation to distort is too great to resist or to admit. To this must be added the observation that Marxism has always had an instinctive distrust of anything involving--however peripherally-- genetics, as the tragic history of Lysenkoism and the Stalinist murder of geneticists attest...