Word: marxist
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...outlawed movement that started in 1953 as a youth group. It has since split with the Basque Nationalist Party, which has worked peacefully for independence since the late 19th century. E.T.A. now campaigns on behalf of what it calls "colonized and oppressed" Basques with nightrider tactics and a Marxist vocabulary. "We have gathered our forces to form a national liberation front," says one of its leaders. "We will not stop until we have achieved the creation of a truly democratic socialist state...
...Domestic Issue. To the Soviets, that was a threat far more direct than any matter of Marxist orthodoxy or ideology. From Czarist days, the Russians have sought to mold a buffer between themselves and Western Europe from the Baltic to the Black...
Literacy Through Penance. A Marxist revolution can hardly represent the Christian ideal. Just as obviously, inertia is no answer to Catholicism's chal lenges today. A sensible middle way would see the church lending its weight to nonviolent reform-as Chilean Theo logian Hernan Larrain puts it, "Christianizing the inevitable revolution." In a few areas, Catholicism has had the time and talent to do so. In Venezuela, for example, the clergy has helped cut illiteracy from 50% to 12% in the past decade. One shrewd but practical way of accomplishing this was to require penitents to teach illiterates...
Despite the bitter violence of last spring's rebellion, Columbia University's summer session has been surprisingly placid. Student radicals quietly conducted their own "Summer Liberation School" in a university-owned frat house, enticing nearly 600 young activists to such courses as racism in textbooks and Marxist philosophy. An uncoordinated assortment of trustee, alumni, faculty and student committees ponderously probed the campus problems -but to such little effect that chaos is likely to greet the reopening of classes next month...
...years following the Revolution, the constructivists published manifestos, attained key posts in Soviet schools and workshops, and succeeded in tying their artistic ideals to the official Soviet Marxist dogma. Tatlin continued to design abstract collages, experimenting with industrial materials: zinc, cables, iron, stucco, glass and asphalt. He maintained that constructivism was the true art of the masses because it was part of the machine age. It could be mass-produced, it married impractical art to socially useful architecture, and it represented a departure from the decadent realism of the Czarist past. With mixed feeling, Berlin's Dadaist Raoul Hausmann...