Word: marxist
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...baptism in 966 of the nation's first ruler, Prince Mieszko I. During occupation periods, the Catholic Church kept Polish language and culture alive and served as the main bastion of nationalism. After the 0 Communist takeover in 1945, the church provided a unique alternative to a "godless" Marxist regime. Going to Mass became not only a religious act but a quiet sign of rebellion against the state. Today, 75% to 80% of Poland's 36 million people are practicing Catholics. A deeply religious man, Walesa always wears on his lapel a badge depicting the so-called Black Madonna...
...Despite his reputation as a pragmatist and a reformer, Deng realizes as clearly as Grličkov that for a Communist, pragmatism and reform must end where genuine pluralism and power-sharing begin. On that point, Deng and Brezhnev are still comrades. Of all the buzz words in the Marxist lexicon, none is more telling than "struggle." It is Marxism, both the theory and the practice, stripped to its essence. What distinguishes the Soviet prototype of Communism is the ingenious and terrible way that the struggle to prevail against all challenges has been institutionalized throughout society...
...weeks, Secretary of State Alexander Haig, White House Counsellor Edwin Meese and other senior U.S. officials have been issuing a series of increasingly bellicose warnings about the behavior of Nicaragua's Marxist Sandinista government. The U.S. is concerned about what Haig calls the "drift toward totalitarianism" of the Nicaraguan regime, the presence of some 1,500 Cuban military advisers in the country and the role of Nicaragua in supporting the left-wing guerrillas in El Salvador. Haig is also irked by Nicaragua's own heavy arms buildup, which he believes is sponsored by Cuba and the Soviet Union...
Reagan Administration officials maintain, despite Nicaraguan denials, that Soviet arms in Nicaragua are, in turn, being handed on clandestinely by the Sandinista government to aid Marxist guerrillas in El Salvador and other neighboring countries. For that reason, Washington in January decided to suspend some $15 million in promised U.S. aid to Nicaragua. That was possibly an unwise decision, since it reinforced Sandinista charges that the Reagan Administration is merely out to ruin the country. In their recent statements, both Haig and Meese have ruled out unilateral U.S. military intervention in Nicaragua as an antidote to the flow of arms...
...helped deepen. Still, the stridently pro-Cuban and pro-Soviet policies of the directorate are not at all what most Nicaraguans had in mind when they welcomed the conquering guerrillas into power in 1979. Ever since then, the Sandinistas have been trying to impose some form of one-party, Marxist-Leninist rule on the country, while pluralistic forces, especially the private business community, are trying to retain free speech, a free press and the right to free assembly...