Word: marxist
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...what every child would study. Now private institutes and church-run schools are springing up, and mandatory courses in Marxism-Leninism are a thing of the past, at least in the East European nations. Even the Soviets have relaxed the requirement that university students pass an exam in Marxist ideology, although party officials gamely insist that the philosophy remains central to Soviet society...
However refreshing the new honesty may be, it does not repair the damage done by decades of dogmatic rigidity. Science and other fact-based disciplines largely escaped politicalization under communism, but economics and the social sciences were systematically reshaped to conform to Marxist principles. Now that ideology no longer governs how such subjects as history and philosophy are taught, professors are unsure what to tell their students -- or even what the truth is. "They are at square one," says Sarah Lawrence president Alice Ilchman, who visited the Comenius Institute of Education in Prague earlier this year. "They want to know...
...insults Davis hurls at Social Studies concentrators and their teachers, they show more capacity for indignation than for judgement. This "leftist" or "Marxist" program has had, as consecutive chairs, such dangerous radicals as myself, Michael Walzer, and Coolidge Professor of History David S. Landes...
...organizations and popular movements. National fronts were formed in almost every part of the country to advance ethnic, linguistic and cultural causes. Marx and Lenin had held that life under socialism would submerge such differences in the sea of workers' internationalist unity. As has so often been the case, Marxist-Leninist theory was wrong...
Najibullah, who has proven himself an able politician and administrator, is adjusting his own policies to accommodate Moscow's changing world view. He has refashioned his Soviet-installed regime over the past three years, to obscure its Marxist-Leninist lineage, and offered free elections, to be monitored by the United Nations. He has embarked on reforms that include support for a market-based economy. Najibullah's homage to glasnost has included the opening of an Islamic university and publication of a list of Afghans killed by his hard-line predecessors. And he has reached out to rebel mujahedin factions with...