Word: marxists
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...organizations and popular movements. National fronts were formed in almost every part of the country to advance ethnic, linguistic and cultural causes. Marx and Lenin had held that life under socialism would submerge such differences in the sea of workers' internationalist unity. As has so often been the case, Marxist-Leninist theory was wrong...
...rest of the planet that is out of step. While a hurricane of change sweeps across Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, toppling leaders and shredding communism, Cuba stands like a lonely lighthouse of ideology, battered but unyielding. "We must dig in with the ideas of Marxist Leninism more than ever," Castro has declared. "Long live rigidity!" Signs along the country's roads exhort, SOCIALISM OR DEATH...
...communism in Eastern Europe. Although most Third World states were never considered much more than pawns in the cold war waged between Washington and Moscow, membership in the Soviet orbit had its privileges. For decades, military, economic and political support flowed to those nations that dutifully toed the Marxist-Leninist line. Now, while the rest of the world gasps with delight -- checkbooks in hand -- at the political and economic changes sweeping the East bloc, Soviet-supported Third World countries see their interests being knocked further down the list of international priorities...
Mozambique. President Joaquim Chissano is showing much more pragmatism than Mengistu. Last summer Chissano's government abandoned the Marxist-Leninist credo that his Frelimo Party has embraced since it came to power in 1975. Transformed from "a vanguard of the worker and peasant alliance" to "a party of all the Mozambican people," the ruling group has stepped up market reforms that it initiated in the mid-1980s. Last January Chissano introduced a draft constitution that embraces universal suffrage, a secret ballot, direct election of both the President and the parliament and the reintroduction of private ownership of land...
Najibullah, who has proven himself an able politician and administrator, is adjusting his own policies to accommodate Moscow's changing world view. He has refashioned his Soviet-installed regime over the past three years, to obscure its Marxist-Leninist lineage, and offered free elections, to be monitored by the United Nations. He has embarked on reforms that include support for a market-based economy. Najibullah's homage to glasnost has included the opening of an Islamic university and publication of a list of Afghans killed by his hard-line predecessors. And he has reached out to rebel mujahedin factions with...