Word: masers
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...great, hornlike antenna. This mammoth electronic ear rotates, twists at odd angles, and can point toward any part of the sky. However it turns, two fair-size houses filled with electronics turn with it, and the thin, frail voice of Telstar is plucked from the sky. Fed into a maser cooled with liquid helium and sent through other intricate equipment, that voice is beefed up and transformed into TV programs or hundreds of voice signals...
...working with the hydrogen maser group that is under the direction of Norman F. Ramsey, professor of Physics...
...first maser, built by physicist Charles H. Townes at Columbia University in 1951, solved this problem by physically segregating the high energy atoms in a gas from the low energy ones. This gas maser, however, proved unsuitable for practical amplification...
...actual maser in use on the radio telescope at the University's Harvard, Mass., Observatory is contained in a box about four feet long and one foot wide and deep. The crystal that is the heart of the maser is a synthetic ruby placed between the two poles of a magnet and kept in a both of liquid helium at a temperature about two degrees above absolute zero(--491* Fahrenheit...
...Observatory maser has achieved a ten-fold increase in the sensitivity of the telescope, which is used to detect the radio waves emitted by stars and other sources scattered throughout the universe...