Word: masse
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...what seems to be a throw-back to the 1960s, increasing numbers of students at college campuses around the country are wearing tie-dyed T-shirts and listening to the Grateful Dead. But these are the 1980s--the T-shirts are mass-produced and sold in department stores, and the Grateful Dead have...
Building on Pasteur's work, 20th century scientists have learned to mass- produce bacteria and viruses, then weaken or kill them and use them as the major ingredient in vaccines for such varied diseases as typhus, yellow fever, influenza, polio, measles and rubella. Unfortunately, the vaccines occasionally cause the disease they are designed to ward off. (Reason: the "killed" viruses sometimes survive, while the weakened versions often fail to cause an immune response.) In general, however, the vaccines have been quite effective; in recent years the National Academy of Sciences has reported only a handful of polio and diphtheria cases...
...biology and immunology has enabled vaccine makers to take a safer and more effective approach to their work. Instead of using dead or attenuated bacteria or viruses, they remove from the bug's surface the marker protein, or antigen, that provokes the immune response. Employing gene-splicing techniques, they mass-produce the antigen, or a portion of it, and use it as the prime ingredient of the vaccine...
...Ocean Spray, of Plymouth, Mass., is experimenting with a Soviet technique for extracting more juice and color from cranberries. The process involves briefly electrifying the berries with an oscillating current that ruptures cell membranes...
After being weighed, the snakes are dumped in a great braided mass into chest-high octagonal white plywood stockades, called pits. There they can be safely ogled and photographed in all their slithering, tongue-flicking, fang- baring, rattling, coiling, head-rearing glory. The Western diamondback, Crotalus (castanet) atrox (fearful), is indeed a horrible-wonderful creature. Its head is broad and flat, and its close-set, silver gray eyes with black pupils seem fixed and furious. A dry, cool skin of interlocking gray-and-brown diamond pattern leads to a pyramid of hard keratin nubs, acquired at the tail after successive...