Word: mccarley
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...Recent developments in dream research won't make sense without first touching on the academic thunderbolt of 1977, when a paper by two Harvard neurophysiologists, Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley, ran in the American Journal of Psychiatry. At the time, Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams (which holds, in part, that dreams preserve sleep by distracting the brain with reflections of the unconscious) was a pillar of psychiatry. In The Brain as a Dream State Generator: An Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis of the Dream Process, the Harvard pair challenged Freudian theory on virtually every point. They argued that dreams are nonsense...
...While hugely influential, Hobson and McCarley's Activation-Synthesis model attracted hordes of critics, who protested that many dreams aren't merely cognitive fragments nor a succession of chaotic images, but so story-like, sequential and dramatic that the thinking brain must surely have played a more substantial role in their production than the last-minute editing of a pile of neural bloopers. And there's the matter of lucid dreaming, in which people become aware in the course of a dream that they are, in fact, dreaming, and are able to control the course of events-a phenomenon that...
...1990s when he made his career-defining discoveries. Solms wasn't alone at the time in realizing that dreaming occurred outside periods of REM, that it was also common at sleep onset and shortly before waking in the morning. But he found an even weaker spot in the Hobson-McCarley hypothesis. If their theory was right, then people with damage to a part of the brain stem called the pons-the on-off switch for REM sleep-shouldn't be having dreams. Solms, however, had five patients with lesions in precisely that region, and while they weren't having...
...minutes later, John McCarley, a weather-beaten cattleman with a deep drawl and a faded Yankees cap, echoed that analysis. "We're in an era where we need leadership," he said. "There will be social issues where we disagree, but ... we won't have a litmus test. He transcends that...
...Bishop flew one of the planes that dropped the gas that day. "They briefed it was tear gas--CBU-30, they called it," he says. Eugene McCarley, the mission commander, agrees. "My eyes burned slightly, and maybe a little bit difficult to breathe, but not so it should have rendered anyone ineffective," he says. "We did not use lethal gas, and we did not kill any defectors, men, women or children." John Plaster, who served in the Studies and Observation Group during Tailwind, says, "Nerve agent never was used, and it was not available on call even...