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That the effect of bogus treatments is real has long been known, but the mechanism behind them is still largely a scientific mystery. The standard explanation is that we are just fooling ourselves. In Latin, placebo means "I shall please," which suggests that the placebo effect is just a fleeting...
Consider the negative placebo response, called the nocebo effect. (The term nocebo is also from Latin, this time from the infinitive nocere, "to do harm.") A nocebo response occurs when the suggestion of a negative effect of an intervention leads to an actual negative outcome. When doctors tell patients that...
It's possible that the nocebo response is easily explained: in the antidepressant trials, maybe some patients - given that they already tended toward depression and anxiety - worried so much about the doctor's cautions that their stomach released enough acids to cause pain. That would make sense except that the...
The majority of tanning salons required parental consent in the form of a phone call or written statement. Only 5% said they would not allow a teenager to tan. And of the establishments that allowed teen tanning, a mere 11% adhered to the FDA guidelines and said they would cap...
For their part, skin-cancer experts recommend that people eliminate the risk of overexposure from the start, by covering up in the sun with long sleeves and pants or at the very least wearing sunscreen. That is especially true on summer vacations, when people who have been indoors most of...