Word: medjid
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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Observers recalled that all male members of the former Imperial House of Osman have been expelled from Turkey, including even Prince Abdul Medjid, whom the Kemalists suffered to act as Caliph from 1922 to 1924. At present over 250 members of this once omnipotent family are said to be living an all but hand-to-mouth existence. A few, of course, have capitalized the lure of royalty at Paris, but for the most part they are said to make their living in such pursuits as "hawking rugs along the Riviera . . . peddling fruits and vegetables . . . driving taxicabs...
...Calif is spiritual head of the Moslem world, has usually exercised supreme temporal power. In recent centuries the Calif has been Sultan of Turkey. In 1923, Kemal Pasha deposed the Sultan-Calif Mohammed VI, abolished the office of Sultan, made himself President of the Turkish Republic, elected one Abdul Medjid Effendi as Calif. Then, a few months later, Kemal exiled his Calif and abolished the Califate altogether, TIME, March 17, 1924). Immed- iately, throughout the Moslem world, there appeared claimants for the great title, the chief one being King Hussein of the Hedjaz. But, at the moment, the Califate cannot...
...that did not settle it. The Agar Khan of Bombay, the Emir of Afghanistan, Sultan Mulai Yusef of Morocco, King Fuad of Egypt all wanted to be Calif. The President of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, said that the Turkish Parliament would in the future impersonate the Calif. Abdul-Medjid Effendi, last Turkish Calif, declared with his predecessor, Mohammed VI, that his deposition as Calif was illegal and sacrilegious. Then from the heart of Islam, Husein Ibn Ali, a descendent of the Prophet, declared himself Calif and without more ado he assumed the Califate (TIME, March 24). A torrent of rage...
...example, when it was decided that women should not be forced to wear a veil, the Calif objected. Again, it was impossible to prohibit polygamy when the Calif had more than one wife. In order to separate once and for all, the new state from the old religion, Abdul Medjid had to be ousted. As good Republicans the Turks recognized no authority higher than the Constitution. As good Moslems they would continue to reverence the leader of their faith...
...Italy it was reported that the Mussolini Government has invited Abdul Medjid to reside in Italy or in an Italian possession in Africa. Should Abdul Medjid be upheld as Calif and accept this offer, it would give the Italians much of the moral power of a second Vatican, consolidating her Mediterranean position between Europe's Catholics and Africa's Moslems, and being of immediate advantage in her relations with the turbulent Senussi sect in his Tripoli possessions...