Word: men
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Patients carry matches and lighters, wear wristwatches. Only rings of exceptional value are locked up for safety's sake. Women use knives freely when cooking in individual ward kitchens, are allowed scissors for sewing. They use electric washing machines, dryers and irons. Men shave themselves in the ward barber shop (though attendants change blades in safety razors), and have full access to cutting and gouging tools in the craft shop. If anything, says Dr. Snow, there are fewer accidents and fewer suicide attempts nowadays...
Soviet astronomy ranks high. Professor Donald Menzel, head of Harvard College Observatory, found Russian astronomers equal to their U.S. colleagues in imagination and ability. Pulkovo Observatory at Leningrad, which has a scientific staff of 400, is particularly fine. The Russians have some excellent men in astrophysics-such as L. S. Shklovsky, who proved that the glow of the Crab Nebula is caused by high-speed electrons passing through the nebula's magnetic field-but top performers are not numerous...
Soviet chemistry did not win much admiration from visiting U.S. chemists. Dr. Leon Dorfman, chemist at Argonne National Laboratory, saw no outstanding programs in chemistry, and a lot that were pretty poor. Dr. Dorfman suspects that for some reason the Russians have not routed their best men into chemistry...
...science in a restricted society has not held water." Most U.S. visitors agree that Russian scientists are less restricted by political ideology than by the rigid hierarchies of the institutes where they work (which are outgrowths of ideology). "The director is boss," said one of them, "and the younger men tremble when they come to see him." The hierarchal power of the senior scientists sometimes keeps younger men from doing independent research...
What worries U.S. visitors more than the specific achievements of Russian science is its momentum. The best young people flock into science-not only the dedicated students but also ambitious young men merely in search of success and status. "This is not surprising," said a Harvard professor. "There is no private business that they might enter. The practice of law cannot be very appealing. What remains but science? In science a man can have an attractive living standard, and he does not have to commit himself politically...