Word: men
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...men are the physically more imposing sex. On average, they are 10% taller, 20% heavier and 30% stronger, especially in their upper bodies. But women are more resistant to fatigue; the longer the race, the more likely they are to win it. Furthermore, as millions of women prove daily by the sweat of their brow, the muscle gap is not carved in stone. Hales reports on a 1995 U.S. Army test of female physical potential, in which 41 out-of-shape women--students, lawyers, bartenders and new mothers--achieved the fitness level of male Army recruits in just six months...
...estrogen the girl hormone. Not only are both hormones present in both sexes, but estrogen is a real busybody, acting on just about every kind of tissue there is. Angier likens it to chocolate, "since almost every two-bit organ or tissue wants a bite out of it." Men deficient in estrogen aren't more manly; they're more prone to such diseases as osteoporosis. Women produce testosterone, and may even need it for sexual arousal. But despite its reputation as the roughneck's Power Bar, scientists can find no clear-cut relationship between testosterone levels and aggressiveness. Angier reports...
...whether viewed from the laboratory bench or the kitchen table, difference is fascinating, difference can even be strength. As Hales puts it, "The differences between men and women, we can now see, are exactly that: differences, not signs of defects, damage or disease. Women are not the second, but a separate...
...science, and the story of human evolution has been evolving pretty rapidly itself. There were always plenty of prima facie reasons to doubt the Mr. and Mrs. Man-the-Hunter version of our collective biography, such as the little matter of size, or, in science-speak, "sexual dimorphism." If men and women evolved so differently, then why aren't men a whole lot bigger than they are? In fact, humans display a smaller size disparity between the sexes than do many of our ape cousins--suggesting (though not proving) that early men and women sometimes had overlapping job descriptions, like...
...dominant paradigm. The first revisionist blow came in the mid-'70s, when anthropologists Adrienne Zihlman and Nancy Tanner pointed out that among surviving "hunting" peoples, most of the community's calories--up to 70%--come from plant food patiently gathered by women, not meat heroically captured by men. The evidence for Stone Age consumption of plant foods has mounted since then. In 1994 paleobotanist Sarah Mason concluded that a variety of plant material discovered at the Paleolithic site of Dolni Vestonice in the Czech Republic was in fact edible roots and seeds. At the very least, it seems, the Paleolithic...