Word: mentalism
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...what amounted to carte blanche to cut, Cabinet officers quickly realized that appeals to the White House over OMB reductions were pointless. At the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, for instance, one of the few new programs to survive OMB scrutiny was a $38 million plan for improving mental health services by the states, and, said one HEW official, "that was only because Rosalynn Carter chairs the President's Commission on Mental Health...
...back in the outside world feeling sane but "sadder" and "quieter," Estroff has vowed to keep studying the plight of deinstitutionalized mental patients, as well as that of the struggling psychiatric workers. But only under one condition. Says she: "I will not do this type of field work alone again...
...commissions as problem solvers, charged with a duty to act when majoritarian institutions do not." Given license by a vague Constitution and malleable laws, and armed with their own rigorous sense of right and wrong, judges have been roving all over the lot: into school desegregation, voting rights, sex, mental health, the environment-the list goes...
...sociology degrees, in addition to a law degree, should be prerequisites for the federal bench." When Boston's duly elected school committee refused to bus schoolchildren, the local federal judge did it himself, right down to approving the bus routes. A federal judge in Alabama ruled that inadequate mental-health care is unconstitutional. So what is adequate? His answer was a list of 84 minimal standards, reaching down to a supply of hot water at 110° F. Result: while Alabama in 1971 spent $14 million on its mental institutions, in 1973, after the court order, it spent...
...many school-busing decisions. Usually, a court does not start off by telling the state what to do; it just says what the state cannot do: it cannot stuff ten men into a cell built for two; it cannot provide one toilet per 200 inmates; it cannot ware house mental patients like old furniture. Sometimes that is enough. One Massachusetts judge, hearing a suit protesting pris on conditions, took state authorities on a tour of the prison and asked: "You're sure you really want to defend this case?" The state did not, and (wisely) accepted a consent decree...