Word: mentality
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...occur, leading to high blood pressure, an increased rate of arteriosclerosis, depression of the immune system and a cascade of other problems. "Humans have a fairly robust capacity to withstand a massive dose of acute stress," says Dr. Fred Goodwin, director of intramural research at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). "Where we fall down is in our ability to mobilize for recurrent stressful episodes." Today the physiology of stress is being worked out in extraordinary detail. Says Neurochemist Jack Barchas of Stanford: "We have learned that even subtle behavior can markedly influence biochemistry...
...found that over a period of about 25 years beginning in the late 1940s, for each 1% increase in the national unemployment rate, there were 1.9% more U.S. deaths from heart disease and cirrhosis, 4.1% more suicides, and an upturn in the number of first-time admissions to state mental health facilities (up 4.3% for men, 2.3% for women...
...provide what researchers call "social support," and such personality factors as flexibility and hopefulness. At Johns Hopkins, Dr. Caroline Bedell Thomas has correlated psychological factors with the long-term health records of 1,337 medical students who graduated between 1948 and 1964. One of the strongest prognosticators of cancer, mental illness and suicide, she found, was "lack of closeness to parents" and a negative attitude toward one's family. A 1978 study of 7,000 people in Alameda County, Calif., confirmed the importance of social support. Epidemiologist Leonard Syme of Berkeley, Calif., who conducted the study, found that even...
...American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Studies have shown that Type A's respond differently to stress than do calmer people classified as Type B's. When Dr. Redford Williams at Duke University asked a group of male undergraduates to perform a mental arithmetic task (serial subtraction of 13 from 7,683), the Type A students produced 40 times as much cortisol and four times as much epinephrine as their Type B classmates. The flow of blood to their muscles was three times as great, though there was no difference in their level...
Sawyer's lawyer, Lloyd Riley, argued that the prosecution's portrayal of his client as a latter-day Fagin was "absurd. He doesn't have the mental capacity to execute such schemes." But U.S. District Judge Lawrence Karlton decided last week that the coach had indeed taught his team to steal more than bases. He sentenced Sawyer, who had pleaded guilty to two counts of unarmed robbery, to a maximum 30 years in prison. Ten gang members had earlier received four to 24 years...