Word: merck
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Merck Sharpe and Dohme, a pharmaceutical and chemical company, donated the funds for the fellowship, which will be presented to "physicians from underdeveloped countries to which they intend to return as public health specialists." They will also go to "American physicians intending to engage in international public health activities...
Three U.S. manufacturers are mak ing and testing rubella vaccines. All are based upon a virus strain isolated by Pediatricians Harry M. Meyer Jr. and Paul D. Parkman at the National Institutes of Health. Merck Sharp & Dohme grows the attenuated (weakened though still "live") virus in fertilized duck eggs; Eli Lilly & Co. grows it in cultures of monkeys' kidney cells, while Philips Roxane Laboratories uses dogs' kidney cells. All told, the three companies have had about 20,000 children inoculated in pilot studies...
Depressing History. Cholestyramine's power to lower cholesterol levels was noted early, and Merck Sharp & Dohme tried to develop a medicinal form for this purpose. One trouble was that it smelled like decayed fish and tasted lit tle better. Merck settled for selling its product, trade-named Cuemid, as a rem edy for the intolerable itching that often goes with jaundice. Duke University's Dr. Robert L. Fuson wondered wheth er, with its flavor improved, cholestyramine might not be used to lower cholesterol. Mead Johnson Laboratories, famed for many-flavored Metrecal, had the same idea. They gave...
Promising Prospects. The Merck virologists tried other kinds of nucleic acid: single-stranded RNA, doublestranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and substances containing proteins. None worked. Then they took two groups of nucleic acid components. Alone, neither of these had worked, but when they were combined in what turned out to be a multi-stranded RNA, the protective effect for infected mice was about the same as that conferred...
Though it will take years to translate the Merck group's findings into everyday medical practice, the prospects are promising. Previously, they had appeared dim because man normally produces so little interferon. And interferon from one species is of little or no use in another, so there was no chance of "growing" it in animals for later use in man. But now it seems virtu ally certain that man can be stimulated to produce it by a periodic intake of a harmless form of RNA, either injected or even more convenient, by means of an inhaler. Though the maximum...