Word: mesopotamia
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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THERE is a train track in the history of art that goes way back to Mesopotamia," Willem de Kooning once noted, with an artist's lordly disregard for details of engineering. "Duchamp is on it. Cézanne is on it." An imposing retrospective of his work, opening at the Museum of Modern Art this week, demonstrates that De Kooning, still hale and heartily turning out landscapes at 64, has already established his place along that main line...
Since the founding of such cities as Eridu and Kish in the valleys of Mesopotamia 5,500 years ago, the city has been the nerve and growth center of civilization. Despite their seemingly insoluble problems, cities are more than ever the creative heart of American society. Indeed, the city and its compounded quandaries-from the problem of race to the issue of law and order-dominate almost all social and political debate in the country today. Ultimately, no city can solve the problems alone, for they belong to the whole society...
...empire overrun by the invading Mongols, China's last Sung emperor was cast into the sea. Kublai Khan became lord of an empire that stretched from Korea to Mesopotamia. In the next 90 years under the Yuan dynasty, which he founded, China experienced what seems to have been a wideranging artistic reorientation. Yet until recently, Chinese scholars could never bring themselves to study in depth this hated era of foreign domination...
...Bulls. Since before recorded history, Mesopotamia, "the land between the rivers," was the gateway between East and West; it was marched over, fought over, civilized and reduced to ashes by a dozen different peoples. The treasures contained in the Iraq Museum's five spacious, well-lit and air-conditioned buildings therefore trace an unequaled pageant of man's patient attempts to build and rebuild that ephemeral thing called civilization...
...believed to describe a section of northwest Mesopotamia, presently in North Syria. There are mountain ranges discernable on both sides, and a road or a river--possibly the Euphrates--running through the center...