Word: mesopotamia
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...Christendom's leaders, settling individual and tribal disputes, dispensing personal counsel (men, but no women, might consult him privately). When he died in 459, Simeon the Stylite held an influential place in the early Christian church, and his holy example soon dotted the plains of Syria and upper Mesopotamia with anchorite-bearing pillars...
...British Empire; he had to dispose of Britain's fate in the Far East. In less than an hour he had to make up his mind to do something that no sizable British Army had done since Major General Sir Charles Townshend capitulated at Kut-el-Amara in Mesopotamia in 1916, and, before that, since Cornwallis gave up at Yorktown in 1781. He had a matter of minutes in which to decide whether to shake Winston Churchill's Cabinet, to depress all of Britain, to undermine the Allies' faith in British fighting...
...back as Feb. 27, 1925. . . . Referring to World War I he said: "The Allies ... did not say: 'We fight Germany and Austria and Bulgaria and Turkey.' No, on the contrary, they always stressed: 'We are fighting the Kaiser and militarism only.' Whether they fought in Mesopotamia or Russia, France, Serbia or elsewhere, the enemy remained the same...
...Royal Military Academy. Son of a major general, he knew his war business, went to France in World War I as a sapper. There he received a chin wound which later inspired Arabs to nickname him Abu Huneik (Man with the Small Jaw). In 1920 he was sent to Mesopotamia; he has remained there, except for a few short trips, ever since. Before World War II, if he was not living quietly with his wife in a native-style house at Amman, capital of Trans-Jordan, he was roaming the desert with Bedouins, learning their habits and earning their esteem...
During the rest of the war, Sir Frederick managed to turn up wherever there was an odd job to be done. In Mesopotamia he commanded a squadron of seaplanes flying off the Tigris. (He picked seaplanes so he could still fly if the Turks flooded the country.) He campaigned with General Smuts in Tanganyika. After the war he fought with the White Russians against the Bolsheviks...