Word: mesopotamia
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...There will be no need for long, hard campaigns in Mesopotamia or Palestine during this...
...August 1917, after Indian troops had fought long and loyally in Mesopotamia against the Turks-Mohammedans against Mohammedans-and in France against the Germans-Aryans against "Aryans"-British Secretary of State for India Edwin S. Montagu announced in Parliament that His Majesty's grateful Government was in favor of the "development of self-governing institutions ... in India." But there was a catch: Britain herself must judge "the time and the measure" of each step towards dominion status...
...World War Great Britain and Turkey fought each other bitterly in Palestine, Syria, Mesopotamia and at Gallipoli. Badly defeated, their country saved from dismemberment only by the vigorous leadership of the late Kamal Atatürk, the Turks came through the War with a profound distrust of German alliances. They quickly made friends with Russia, traditional enemy of the Turkish Sultanate, and moved continually toward greater friendship with Britain...
Five thousand years ago the Sumerian rulers of Mesopotamia were buried, in big underground chambers, with multitudes of sacrificed servants. The skull and face forms of these old Near Easterners are almost identical with those of living Englishmen. Ancient Egyptian skulls resemble those in 17th-Century London plague pits, in New Stone Age box graves of Switzerland. Science has had much to puzzle over in these resemblances, and many others in the intricately shuffled complex of races, sub-races, types and varieties in Europe's white population...
...Haldane who became Britain's Lord Chancellor, John B. S. Haldane was born 46 years ago in Scotland. Growing up in an atmosphere of intellectual curiosity and freedom, he did not find Einstein unintelligible or Freud shocking. He was educated at Eton and Oxford, served in France and Mesopotamia during the War, was twice wounded, became a captain. He said he enjoyed shooting Germans. Nowadays he is known as an authority on poison gas, is an Air Raid Precautions expert...