Word: mesopotamia
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...suddenly appeared in the streets of Karbala after the coalition troops swept through, scourging themselves bloody in the traditional attempt to replicate the pain of Hussein's death. In 2004 and 2005, a different sort of pain was imposed, by terrorists-most probably the followers of al-Qaeda in Mesopotamia leader Abu Mousab al-Zarqawi-who launched vicious bombing attacks in Karbala, killing 170 pilgrims in 2004 and 60 in 2005. Ashura was celebrated again last week, and there was blood, as always, but no bombs...
...October 2004, after further meetings with bin Laden's emissary al-Iraqi, al-Zarqawi publicly joined al-Qaeda, becoming the self-proclaimed prince of its operations in the "Land of Mesopotamia." As the jihadist insurgency gained momentum, the open wariness that once characterized al-Zarqawi's dealings with bin Laden dissipated, although counterterrorism officials believe their alliance was rooted more in pragmatism than affection. "Al-Zarqawi needs bin Laden for his credibility," says a U.S. intelligence analyst. "Bin Laden needs al-Zarqawi because he is doing the real work." But the celebrity al-Zarqawi has gained through his reign...
...fully accept the tenets of astronomy, for example, they did allow Arab thinkers to pursue such expressions of free thought. The ruling Muslim caliphs financed scientific endeavors to enhance their own power and prestige. At first, scholars used the support to translate scientific classics from China, Greece, India and Mesopotamia. Soon, however, Muslim intellectuals were not content just to reproduce others' works, and began to elaborate on them, making their own important discoveries and innovations. Muslim mathematicians took principles developed in Greece, such as Euclid's theories of numbers and geometry, and the Indian concept of zero, as the basis...
...to Syria, Tall 'Afar is at the center of a vast border region rife with smuggling and anti-American sentiment. After the U.S. invasion, it became a gateway for foreign fighters entering Iraq. In time, homegrown insurgent cells came under the control of al-Zarqawi's al-Qaeda in Mesopotamia organization, which transformed the city into a training and command base for foreign jihadis and a hideout for al-Zarqawi and his deputies. After the fall of Fallujah, the town became a propaganda tool for the resistance, with attacks on U.S. forces in the city featured heavily...
...Muslims, Christians or any other religionists freely preach their doctrine, and let each person make a free choice. Isn't the open debate of ideas a foundation of democracy? BRET ROLAN Mesopotamia, Ohio...