Word: metalized
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...little hydrogen is burned along with the metal and its oxidizer, the hybrid will become a "tribrid." Its specific impulse will rise into the range of the yet to be built nuclear rockets. But there will be nothing like the "nukes' " penalties in cost and danger...
...visit, Calder recalls, was "the necessary shock." The de Stijlist's studio, with its neat plane geometry of primary colors (which Calder henceforth stuck to) stilled the errant Yankee. "But how fine it would be," Calder thought, "if everything moved." He gave Mondrian wings. He balanced metal cutouts on wire arms, and in 1932, Duchamp dubbed them "mobiles." Almost as much as Mondrian's forms, the stiff nature of metal forced Calder toward abstraction...
...mobiles with brushes instead of spraying them. Sprung from the modern esthetic that sees wisdom in childhood, his work is a comment on, rather than patent approval of, the Machine Age. For the fun of it, Calder makes his own family kitchenware-ladles, forks, spoons-using leftover scrap metal; he snips out toys for his grandchildren and jewelry for his wife. He is, in effect, a sophisticated primitive who sees the root of art in craft and invention...
...mobiles by trial and tumble. Says he: "It's like making a patchwork quilt. You can't predict." A mobile can be tiny as a hummingbird; others are so outsize that airports find them favorite lobby decor. One stabile, his Teodelapio in Spoleto, Italy, is the largest metal sculpture in modern times; it is 59 ft. high, weighs 30 tons, and trucks can pass underneath it. "If it's impeccable," he says, "it can be made into any scale...
Looking into the future, the hybrid men see big hybrid space boosters using extremely cheap fuels: liquid oxygen and ordinary rubber. For extra performance in upper-stage rockets, they have high hopes for hybrids using fuel that is almost entirely powdered metal...