Word: metalized
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Nonetheless, single-year totals can be misleading, as the ICC examiners took pains to make clear. They found that over the last decade the Pennsy's return on invested capital had been a meager 1.28% and the Central's 1.84%-against 10.5% for mining and 7% for metal producers. The railroads' combined operating losses for the same period: $18 million...
...nothing but an electronic machine that can do arithmetic and retrieve information with incredible speed-but that very speed makes it, in its way, superhuman. Inside the computer's refrigerator-like cabinet dwells an intricate network of thin wires, transistors, and hundreds of thousands of tiny magnetized metal rings, all strung together into a memory-and arithmetic-processing unit. The location of each fact stored in the computer's memory is no bigger than the tip of a match, and the computer never forgets these locations...
...binary language, a system using two as a base instead of ten as in the decimal system, and then fed into the computer. Once it has received a given fact, the computer relays it to its memory unit via electronic impulses that "store" the numerically defined fact in several metal rings...
...telling a machine what to do with its information in order to achieve a desired result. As instructions are fed to the computer in this special language, the machine sends electric impulses coursing through its innards at the speed of light (186,300 miles per second), checking on each metal ring to see if it contains the information sought...
Basically, each metal ring, activated by the electric impulse answers 1 or 0, meaning that it either does or does not represent a portion of the binary numeral sought. If the computer wishes to use the number 87, for example, it might get positive responses from the rings that made up the numbers 1, 2, 4, 16 and 64-for a total of 87-while receiving negative responses from the other rings. In a vast series of such instantaneous actions, thousands of transistors in the machine turn on and off in response to the electric impulses until the machine...