Word: methodic
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...hard, finally, to isolate material from method, the world's violence from Williams' own, because of the garish orchestrating of his protest, the sheer fireworks of his pessimism. Talent as vivid as Williams' is often as lopsided; few highly personal visions of life are notably panoramic. What tells against Orpheus Descending is less something limited than something lurid; what vitiates the play, even as it animates it, is so canny a theater sense. It is the stage's melodrama, not the world's malevolence, that consistently wears its heartlessness on its sleeve...
...field and shot extremely high-frequency radio waves through it. When strong light was shone on the chlorophyll, some of the radio energy was absorbed. This proved to Dr. Calvin that chlorophyll exposed to sunlight contains free electrons, and is therefore capturing light energy by the layer-to-layer method. Nature's green plants. Dr. Calvin believes, have turned out to be electronic solar batteries invented millions of years before human scientists ever thought of electronics...
Enter the Machine. This method can only be used in cases where the surgeon can count on getting in and out of the heart in less than eight minutes. Moreover, under hypothermia the heart is especially likely to lose its regular beat and flutter uselessly (fibrillate), which may cause death. What was still needed was a pumping device to take over the functions of both heart and lungs for as long as necessary to operate. At Philadelphia's Jefferson Medical College, Surgeon John Heysham Gibbon Jr. had been working on such a device for almost 20 years. Bailey himself...
...Clarence Walton Lillehei developed an ingenious temporary expedient: he used a donor, usually the father, for a child patient, connected their circulatory systems and thus made the donor's heart and lungs do the work of the patient's during the operation. The trouble was that this method risked two lives instead of one. Next, Lillehei & Co. used a freshly removed dog's lung, carefully cleaned and cleared of its own blood, for the same purpose. Two years ago, there was a break...
Three to Watch. By one method or another, heart surgeons can now correct an impressive number of defects, including patent ducts, narrowing of the aorta, aneurysms (ballooning blisters) of the aorta, holes between the walls of either auricles or ventricles, scarred and narrowed valves. Three problems are getting special attention...